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William Stainton Moses (1839-1892) was an English cleric and spiritualist medium. ==Life== Moses was born in Donington near Lincoln. He was educated at Bedford School, University College School, London and Exeter College, Oxford. He was ordained as a priest of the Church of England by Bishop Samuel Wilberforce in 1870. Moses attended his first séance with Lottie Fowler in 1872. Charles Williams and Daniel Dunglas Home were the next mediums he visited. Five months after his introduction to spiritualism, he claimed to have experienced levitation. The automatic scripts of Moses began to appear in his books ''Spirit Teachings'' and ''Spirit Identity''. The scripts date from 1872 to 1883 and fill 24 notebooks. All but one have been preserved by the London Spiritualist Alliance. Moses published ''Psychography. A Treatise on One of the Objective Forms of Psychic or Spiritual Phenomena'' in 1878. In it, he coins the term "psychography" (from ''psycho'' and ''graphy'') for the spiritualist concept of channeling messages from the dead via automatic writing (also known as "independent writing", "direct writing" or "spirit writing"). Moses was an early member of the Society for Psychical Research (SPR). Other early members included F. W. H. Myers, Henry Sidgwick and Edmund Gurney. In 1886 and 1887 in a series of publications the SPR exposed the tricks of the medium William Eglinton. Because of this, some spiritualist members including Moses resigned from the SPR.〔Janet Oppenheim. (1988). ''The Other World: Spiritualism and Psychical Research in England, 1850-1914''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 139-140. ISBN 978-0521347679〕 Moses endorsed the spirit photography of Édouard Isidore Buguet, however, Buguet was exposed as a fraud.〔Joseph McCabe. (1920). ''Spiritualism: A Popular History From 1847''. Dodd, Mead and Company. pp. 151-173〕 Moses had supported Buguet in an article for ''Human Nature'' in May 1875.〔John Mulholland. (1938). ''Beware Familiar Spirits''. C. Scribner's Sons. p. 150. ISBN 978-1111354879 "Stainton Moses warmly endorsed Buguet in an article printed in May, 1875. In June, 1875, the French government arrested Buguet for fraud. At his trial he made a complete confession, and the police seized and produced his "spirit" doll and the collection of heads that fitted on it."〕 After Burguet was exposed later in the same year, Moses insisted that Buguet was still a genuine medium and he had been bribed to make a false confession.〔Frank Podmore. (1902). ''Modern Spiritualism: A History and Criticism''. Volume 2. London: Methuen & Co. pp. 120-123.〕〔Simeon Edmunds. (1966). ''Spiritualism: A Critical Survey''. Aquarian Press. p. 115. "Stainton Moses even insisted that the prosecution was instigated by the Church, and that Buguet had been forced or bribed into making a false confession."〕 The case has been cited by researchers as an example of spiritualists willing to believe and refusing to accept evidence of fraud.〔Harry Houdini. (2011 edition). Originally published in 1924. ''A Magician Among the Spirits''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 120-124. ISBN 978-1-108-02748-9〕〔Ronald Pearsall. (1972). ''The Table-Rappers''. Book Club Associates. p. 124. ISBN 978-0750936842〕〔Milbourne Christopher. (1975). ''Mediums, Mystics & the Occult''. Thomas Y. Crowell. p. 114. ISBN 0-690-00476-1〕 In 1884, Moses was a founding member, together with Rogers, of the London Spiritualist Alliance, afterwards the College of Psychic Studies. Moses died on 5 September 1892. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Stainton Moses」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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